Type 410 is a hardenable, straight chromium stainless steel which combines superior wear resistance of high carbon alloys with the excellent corrosion resistance of chromium stainless steels. Oil quenching these alloys from temperatures between 1800°F to 1950°F (982 to 1066° C) produces the highest strength and/or wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance.

This alloy is used when strength, hardness, and/or wear resistance must be combined with corrosion resistance.

RESISTANCE TO CORROSION

Type 410 exhibits good corrosion resistance to atmospheric corrosion, potable water, and to mildly corrosive chemical environments because of its ability to form a tightly adherent oxide film which protects their surfaces from further attack. Exposure to chlorides in everyday type activities is generally satisfactory when proper cleaning is performed after exposure to use.

For maximum corrosion resistance to chemical environments, it is essential that the stainless steel surface be free of all heat tint or oxide formed during forging, annealing, or heat treating. Al surfaces must be ground or polished to remove any traces of oxide and surface decarburization. The parts should then immersed in a warm solution of 10-20% nitric acid to remove any residual iron. A thorough water rinse should follow the nitric acid treatment.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Melting Point	Density	Specific Gravity	Modulus of Elasticity in Tension
2723° F 1495° C	.276 lb/in³ 7.65 g/cm³	7.65	29 X 10⁶ psi 200 Gpa

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Alloy	Temper	Tensile Strength Minimum (psi)	Yield Strength Minimum 0.2% offset (psi)	% Elongation in 2" Minimum	Notes
410	Annealed	65,000	30,000	20 %	-

All values specified are approximate minimums unless otherwise specified. Values are derived from the applicable AMS and ASTM specifications.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Alloy	C	Mn	P	S	Si	Cr	Ni	Mo	Cu	N	Other
410	.15	1.00	.040	.030	1.00	11.50-13.50	.75	.50	.50	.08	Al=.05, Sn=.05

All values are maximum values unless otherwise specified. Values are derived from applicable AMS and ASTM specifications.

WELDING

N/A

HEAT TREATMENT

To anneal this alloy, heat to 1500-1550° F (815-842° C) and hold for one hour per inch of thickness and furnace cool to room temperature. Such annealing should produce a Brinell hardness of 126-192 HB.

A hardening heat treatment is necessary to bring out the maximum hardness and wear resistance. Since these materials absorb heat very slowly, they should be heated gradually and allowed to remain at temperature long enough to ensure uniform temperature in thick sections. For maximum strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance, slowly heat the alloy to 1800° F (982° C) and quench to room temperature in oil. For thin sections, air cooling can be substituted for the oil quench. If retained austenite is known to be present after the austenitizing and quench to room temperature, additional hardening response may be achieved by sub-zero cooling to about –100° F (-73° C). The as-quenched structure of fresh martensite is quite brittle and should be stress-relieved or tempered at approximately 400 to 500° F (204 to 260° C) to restore some ductility. During tempering between approximately 300° F (149° C) and 600° F (316° C), a relaxation of the martensite structure occurs whereby the volumetric stresses associated with the formation of martensite upon quenching are relieved. As a result, the martensite still exhibits its high hardness and wear resistance properties but some ductility is introduced at the loss of a few pints of hardness.